Reflections on Greek in the English Language

In the past year, I published a few blog posts on Noam Chomsky, the father of modern linguistics, whose ingenious theory of Universal Grammar resonates decades later despite opposition. He had postulated that all human languages follow similar grammatical rules, no matter how superficially different the languages may appear; that word formation and sentence structure abide by analogous logical patterns. On the other hand, one may wonder about vocabulary across languages, seeing so much in common.

The Greek language, once ranked by the Guiness Book of World Records as the richest language, with five million words, comes to mind. It is well known that many English words are of modern Greek origin; and even more English words that were incorporated indirectly through other languages, such as Latin, originated from Ancient Greek. Although English is considered a Germanic language, the list of English words of Greek origin is long, as can be seen from this Oakton College resource: List of Greek and Latin Roots in English. Here are some examples:

·       The root “acr” means height/ summit/ tip, which explains, for example, English acrophobia, fear of heights, acrobatics, acromegaly, and so on.

·       The root “aesthe” relates to feelings or perceptions, hence English aesthetics.

·       The root “agr” means field or country, hence agronomy and agriculture.

·       “Auto”, meaning self, generates English autonomy and autism.

·       “Bell”, relating to war, explains English belligerent and bellicose.

·       “Cac”, meaning bad, generates English cacophony.

·       “Eu”, meaning well or good, explains euphoria and euthanasia.

·       “Hom”, referring to same, produces homophone.

Most English words that begin with “ph”, such as photo, phrase, and philosophy, are of Greek origin, as suggested by Martha Peraki of the Women Writers’ Committee of Greece in a British Council article entitled “How Has Greek Influenced the English Language?” Peraki adds that English idioms of Greek origin include “crocodile tears” referring to faked sorrow and “the Midas touch”, a surprising ability to succeed whatever one undertakes.

To end my blog post, I’d like to emphasize that the word blog (from web log) is linked to Greek logos, meaning word or message. I hope my message is clear.